我國鋼鐵企業的電力消耗約占全社會總能耗的15%左右，鋼鐵企業的各類自備電力裝置發電量約占總體耗電量的50%，部分鋼鐵企業可達90%以上。鋼鐵企業在生產的過程中，會伴生大量的高爐煤氣、焦爐煤氣和轉爐煤氣，扣除鋼鐵生產過程中自用的部分，仍然剩有大量的煤氣。利用剩余的煤氣發電，是各鋼鐵企業的共識。如何高效利用這部分煤氣資源，降低企業綜合能耗成本，增加企業效益和市場競爭力，值得我們認真研究。目前國內大型鋼鐵企業用煤氣來發電的機組，一般是常規BTG發電機組和低熱值CCPP（燃氣蒸汽聯合循環）發電機組，常規發電機組目前使用比較多的是高壓、超高壓機組、亞臨界、超臨界機組，而中溫中壓的機組逐漸淘汰。低熱值CCPP機組使用比較多的是 公司產品，其中主要的機型為M701S(DA）、M701S(DA)X，M251S型等，少量使用其他燃氣輪機公司的產品。

　　The electricity consumption of China's steel enterprises accounts for about 15% of the total energy consumption of the whole society. The power generation of various self owned power devices of steel enterprises accounts for about 50% of the total electricity consumption, and some steel enterprises can reach more than 90%. During the production process of steel enterprises, a large amount of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas are generated. After deducting the self use part in the steel production process, there is still a large amount of gas left. It is the consensus of various steel enterprises to use surplus gas for power generation. How to efficiently utilize this part of gas resources, reduce the comprehensive energy consumption cost of enterprises, increase enterprise efficiency and market competitiveness is worthy of our serious research. At present, large domestic steel enterprises use coal gas to generate electricity, generally including conventional BTG generator sets and low calorific value CCPP (gas steam combined cycle) generator sets. Conventional generator sets are more commonly used in high-pressure, ultra-high pressure, subcritical, and supercritical units, while medium temperature and medium pressure units are gradually being phased out. The most commonly used low calorific value CCPP units are products from Mitsubishi Corporation in Japan, with the main models being M701S (DA), M701S (DA) X, M251S, etc., and a small amount using products from other gas turbine companies.

　　1 各種煤氣發電機組的介紹1.1 常規BTG發電機組常規BTG煤氣發電機組，經過了多年的發展，特別是鍋爐、汽輪機高參數小型化技術的不斷延伸，低熱值常規煤氣發電經歷了五代技術，主要經濟指標如下表1：表1 常規BTG煤氣發電機組序號項目第一代技術第二代技術第三代技術第四代技術第五代技術1主機參數中溫中壓或次高溫次高壓高溫高壓高溫超高壓（帶中間再熱）超高溫亞臨界超臨界2典型機組規模（MW）255035～13580～135135～1503鍋爐容量 （t/h）130220130～440260～440420～4804全廠熱效率（%）25～2830～32?36～38?40～4143.5～44.55煤氣單耗 m?/kWh（760kcal/m?）4.53～4.043.77～3.54?3.14～2.98?2.83～2.762.63～2.54技術的進步推動了煤氣發電利用效率的不斷提高，亦為鋼鐵企業煤氣發電項目提供了新的技術路線選擇。高溫超高壓中間一次再熱發電機組，根據燃煤電廠傳統容量參數匹配原則，其主要應用于135MW及以上大型機組。2013年以來，由于節能減排以及裝備升級改造任務日益緊迫，以往應用于大型燃煤機組的超高壓中間再熱技術逐漸向小型化發展，目前國內有40MW、50MW、65MW、80MW、100MW、135MW等級超高壓中間再熱煤氣發電機組。2017年行業內又推出了小型亞臨界煤氣發電技術，目前國內有80MW、100MW、120MW、135MW等級亞臨界煤氣發電機組。隨著技術的進步，2020年來，行業內開始推出高效超臨界煤氣發電技術（135MW～150MW），目前145MW級別高效超臨界機組已有多臺投產或正在建設中。

　　1 Introduction to Various Gas Generator Sets 1.1 Conventional BTG Generator Sets Conventional BTG gas generator sets, after years of development, especially the continuous extension of high parameter miniaturization technology for boilers and steam turbines, low calorific value conventional gas power generation has gone through five generations of technology. The main economic indicators are as follows: Table 1: Number of Conventional BTG Gas Generator Sets Project: First Generation Technology, Second Generation Technology, Third Generation Technology, Fourth Generation Technology, Fifth Generation Technology 1 Main Machine Parameters: Medium Temperature, Medium Pressure or Sub high Temperature, Sub high Pressure, High Temperature, Ultra High Pressure (with intermediate reheating), Ultra High Temperature Subcritical Supercritical 2 Typical Unit Scale (MW) 255035-13580-135135-1503 Boiler Capacity (t/h) 130220130-440260-440420-4804 Whole Plant Thermal efficiency (%) 25~2830~32? 36～38? 40-4143.5-44.55 coal gas unit consumption m?/kWh (760kcal/m?) 4.53-4.043.77-3.54? 3.14～2.98? The progress of technology from 2.83 to 2.762.63 to 2.54 has promoted the continuous improvement of the utilization efficiency of gas power generation, and also provided new technological route choices for gas power generation projects in steel enterprises. High temperature and ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating power generation units, according to the traditional capacity parameter matching principle of coal-fired power plants, are mainly used for large units of 135MW and above. Since 2013, due to the increasingly urgent tasks of energy conservation, emission reduction, and equipment upgrading, the ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating technology previously applied to large coal-fired units has gradually developed towards miniaturization. Currently, there are 40MW, 50MW, 65MW, 80MW, 100MW, and 135MW levels of ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating coal-fired power generation units in China. In 2017, small-scale subcritical gas power generation technology was introduced in the industry. Currently, there are 80MW, 100MW, 120MW, and 135MW levels of subcritical gas power generation units in China. With the advancement of technology, high-efficiency supercritical gas power generation technology (135MW~150MW) has been introduced in the industry since 2020. Currently, multiple 145MW level high-efficiency supercritical units have been put into operation or are under construction.

　　1.2 CCPP發電機組對于燃氣蒸汽聯合循環發電技術（CCPP），國內外燃氣輪機廠家針對鋼鐵企業低熱值煤氣特點陸續推出其主流機型，單機聯合循環出力在300MW級以下的主要有：三菱公司M701S系列，目前主推的是M701S(DA)、M701S(DA)X兩種機型；還有M251S系列（聯合循環總功率50MW，效率38%）。安薩爾多公司的AE系列，目前主推的是AE94.2KS機型；GE公司主推的9E系列等。下表2列出了部分CCPP機型的主要技術參數。表2 CCPP機組主要性能參數表序號名稱單位三菱安薩爾多GE1燃機型號/M701S(DA)M701S(DA)XAE94.2KS9E系列2CCPP總輸出功率MW1501862191703發電效率%4547.346.3444設計燃料熱值kJ/m?439643963640～45504396目前國內高爐煤氣燃機發電技術以三菱公司市場占有率最高，技術相對成熟，售后維護體系較完善。

　　1.2 CCPP Generator Set For gas steam combined cycle power generation technology (CCPP), domestic and foreign gas turbine manufacturers have successively launched their mainstream models based on the characteristics of low calorific value gas in steel enterprises. The main models with single unit combined cycle output below 300MW are Mitsubishi M701S series, currently mainly promoting M701S (DA) and M701S (DA) X models; There is also the M251S series (combined cycle total power of 50MW, efficiency of 38%). Ansaldo's AE series currently mainly promotes the AE94.2KS model; GE's main products include the 9E series. Table 2 lists the main technical parameters of some CCPP models. Table 2 CCPP Unit Main Performance Parameters Table Number Name Unit Mitsubishi Ansaldo GE1 Gas Turbine Model/M701S (DA) M701S (DA) XAE94.2KS9E Series 2CCPP Total Output Power MW1501862191703 Power Generation Efficiency% 4547.346-3444 Design Fuel Heat Value kJ/m? At present, Mitsubishi Corporation has the highest market share in domestic blast furnace gas turbine power generation technology, with relatively mature technology and a relatively complete after-sales maintenance system.

　　2?發電機組特性比較

　　2. Comparison of generator set characteristics

　　2.1 發電效率CCPP機組效率高，以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X為例，滿負荷效率可以達到47.3%，高于常規BTG亞臨界機組的40～41%、超臨界機組的43.5～44.5%。但是CCPP機組隨著負荷率的下降，熱效率下降很快，該機型在50%負荷時，熱效率相當于常規超高壓煤氣發電機組，最低負荷40MW時，熱效率不如常規高壓煤氣發電機組。而常規BTG發電機組的熱效率，隨著負荷率的波動，變化相對較小。所以CCPP機組需要運行在高負荷，煤氣保障是剛性的，適合作為穩定的基礎煤氣資源發電機組，不適合作為煤氣調節發電機組。常規BTG機組對于環境溫度變化不敏感，但是CCPP機組在夏季高溫環境下，因為進入壓氣機的空氣密度變稀薄，壓縮機的功耗增加，燃機出力會有一定程度的下降，發電效率也會受到影響。CCPP機組廠用電率在2～4%，而常規BTG煤氣機組的廠用電率一般在8%左右。

　　2.1 Power generation efficiency CCPP units have high efficiency. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, the full load efficiency can reach 47.3%, which is higher than the 40-41% of conventional BTG subcritical units and the 43.5-44.5% of supercritical units. However, as the load rate decreases, the thermal efficiency of CCPP units decreases rapidly. At 50% load, the thermal efficiency of this model is equivalent to that of a conventional ultra-high pressure gas generator unit. At a minimum load of 40MW, the thermal efficiency is not as good as that of a conventional high-pressure gas generator unit. The thermal efficiency of conventional BTG generator sets varies relatively little with the fluctuation of load rate. So CCPP units need to operate at high loads, and gas guarantee is rigid, suitable as a stable basic gas resource generator unit, not suitable as a gas regulated generator unit. Conventional BTG units are not sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, but CCPP units experience a certain degree of decrease in gas turbine output and power generation efficiency due to the thinning of air density entering the compressor during high temperatures in summer. The power consumption rate of CCPP units is 2-4%, while the power consumption rate of conventional BTG gas units is generally around 8%.

　　2.2 燃料的適應性及負荷調節CCPP機組運行中，對燃料品質要求高，CCPP機組其輸入燃料熱值需要保證在800～1200kcal/m?范圍，全部使用高爐煤氣燃燒一般很難實現滿負荷。以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X為例，當燃料熱值處于設計點工況（4396kJ/m?）時，效率最高，熱值偏離設計熱值時，燃機出力會有一定的下降，嚴重時還會導致機組跳機。而常規的BTG煤氣發電機組，對于煤氣的適應性較好，可以在高爐煤氣、焦爐煤氣和轉爐煤氣之間進行比較有效的切換調節，能適應煤氣熱值波動帶來的影響，煤氣品種及流量配比性較CCPP機組好。CCPP機組負荷調節速率相對較低，而常規煤氣發電機組負荷調節范圍大，變化率快，這方面常規煤氣發電機組具有優勢，是最佳煤氣緩沖用戶和保證手段。

　　2.2 Fuel adaptability and load regulation. In the operation of CCPP units, high fuel quality is required, and the input fuel calorific value of CCPP units needs to be ensured to be between 800 and 1200 kcal/m? It is generally difficult to achieve full load using blast furnace gas combustion for the entire range. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, when the fuel calorific value is at the design point operating condition (4396kJ/m?), the efficiency is highest. When the calorific value deviates from the design calorific value, the output of the gas turbine will decrease to a certain extent, and in severe cases, it may even cause the unit to trip. Conventional BTG gas generator sets have good adaptability to gas and can effectively switch and adjust between blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas. They can adapt to the impact of gas calorific value fluctuations and have better gas variety and flow ratio than CCPP units. The load adjustment rate of CCPP units is relatively low, while the load adjustment range of conventional gas generator units is large and the change rate is fast. In this regard, conventional gas generator units have advantages and are the best gas buffering users and guarantee means.

　　2.3 對外供熱對外供熱方面，常規BTG機組可以容易實現汽輪機抽汽供熱，具有優勢，而CCPP機組相對劣勢。常規BTG機組發電加上供熱，按照國家目前的好處歸電計算模式，發電熱效率會上升，供熱量越大，發電熱效率越高，可能超過CCPP機組熱效率。

　　2.3 External Heating In terms of external heating, conventional BTG units can easily achieve steam turbine extraction heating, which has advantages, while CCPP units are relatively disadvantaged. Conventional BTG units generate electricity and provide heating. According to the current national benefit based calculation model, the thermal efficiency of electricity generation will increase. The larger the heating capacity, the higher the thermal efficiency of electricity generation, which may exceed that of CCPP units.

　　2.4 運行自動化水平從運行便利及自動化程度來看，CCPP機組自動化程度高，運行更輕松，可以實現一鍵啟動，運行人員少。相對常規BTG煤氣機組還不能做到一鍵啟動，近期國內常規BTG機組自啟停APS技術取得了一定的進展。

　　From the perspective of operational convenience and automation level, CCPP units have a high degree of automation, making operation easier and enabling one click start with fewer operators. Compared to conventional BTG gas units, one key start cannot be achieved yet. Recently, there has been some progress in the self start stop APS technology for conventional BTG units in China.

　　2.5 檢修周期及費用CCPP機組的檢修周期一般大修間隔時間在2年左右，檢修時間約1個月，以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X為例，一次大修費用3500～4000萬元。而常規的煤氣發電機組，以135MW亞臨界機組為例，可以做到大修周期5年，每次大修時間25天，大修費用500～1500萬元。檢修費用、總發電時間常規機組占有優勢。

　　2.5 Maintenance cycle and cost: The maintenance cycle of CCPP units generally has a major overhaul interval of about 2 years and a maintenance time of about 1 month. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, the cost of one major overhaul is 35-40 million yuan. Conventional gas-fired power generation units, such as 135MW subcritical units, can achieve a maintenance cycle of 5 years, with each maintenance lasting 25 days and a maintenance cost of 5 to 15 million yuan. Conventional units have advantages in maintenance costs and total power generation time.

　　2.6 環保方面 CCPP機組煙氣環保指標更容易實現，煙氣中粉塵、SO2、NOX指標都是按煙氣含氧量15%的標準計算的。而常規的煤氣發電機組這些環保指標都是按煙氣含氧量3%的標準計算，一般需要上脫硫脫硝裝置，煙氣才能達標排放。由于煤氣比較臟，CCPP機組在煤氣進燃機之前需要經過濕式電除塵器的處理，不僅可以降低煤氣中粉塵的含量，同時也能減少煤氣中的無機硫成份。CCPP機組耗水量1.2t/MW左右，與常規發電機組比較低一半。

　　2.6 In terms of environmental protection, CCPP unit flue gas environmental indicators are easier to achieve, and the dust, SO2, and NOX indicators in the flue gas are calculated based on the standard of 15% oxygen content in the flue gas. And the environmental indicators of conventional gas power generation units are calculated based on the standard of 3% oxygen content in flue gas. Generally, desulfurization and denitrification devices are required for the flue gas to meet the emission standards. Due to the relatively dirty nature of the gas, CCPP units require wet electrostatic precipitators to treat the gas before it enters the combustion engine. This not only reduces the dust content in the gas, but also reduces the inorganic sulfur content in the gas. The water consumption of CCPP units is about 1.2t/MW, which is half lower than that of conventional power generation units.

　　2.7 基建方面CCPP機組基建費用較高，以M701S(DA)X機型為例，單位裝機投資約5500元/kWh，常規亞臨界135MW機組單位裝機投資約3000～3500元/kWh。土地占用方面，CCPP機組占地少，常規機組占地多。CCPP機組的核心部件，例如燃燃機高溫熱部件及煤壓機等設備供貨嚴重依賴于進口，并且設備供貨期較長，面臨著“卡脖子”及進口替代難題。而常規BTG煤氣機組技術國內全部掌握，不會受制于人。

　　2.7 In terms of infrastructure, CCPP units have relatively high construction costs. Taking the M701S (DA) X model as an example, the unit installed investment is about 5500 yuan/kWh, while the unit installed investment for conventional subcritical 135MW units is about 3000-3500 yuan/kWh. In terms of land occupation, CCPP units occupy less land, while conventional units occupy more land. The core components of CCPP units, such as high-temperature thermal components of gas turbines and coal compressors, heavily rely on imports for supply, and the equipment supply period is long, facing bottlenecks and import substitution problems. And the conventional BTG gas turbine technology is fully mastered domestically and will not be controlled by others.

　　3?新建發電機組布局原則

　　3. Layout principles for new generator sets

　　3.1 企業有穩定的煤氣回收量或有相應的儲氣柜，在發電機組布局時，根據煤氣的總量及變化趨勢，CCPP機組裝機容量應能夠承擔消耗大約60～70%的總煤氣量，作為煤氣剛性用戶，高負荷運行，充分發揮CCPP機組熱效率高的特點。剩余的煤氣根據需要配置亞臨界或者超臨界常規發電機組，常規機組裝機容量應能夠消耗總煤氣量50%以上，作為煤氣調節用戶。煤氣發電機組總裝機容量要有一定的裕量，才能保證在煤氣波動，機組檢修、故障等狀態下，煤氣資源不大量放散。可以最大效率地利用煤氣發電。

　　3.1 Enterprises have stable gas recovery capacity or corresponding gas storage tanks. When laying out power generation units, the installed capacity of CCPP units should be able to bear approximately 60-70% of the total gas consumption based on the total amount and trend of gas. As a rigid gas user, CCPP units operate at high loads and fully utilize their high thermal efficiency. The remaining gas should be configured with subcritical or supercritical conventional power generation units as needed, and the installed capacity of conventional units should be able to consume more than 50% of the total gas volume as gas regulation users. The total installed capacity of a gas generator set must have a certain margin to ensure that gas resources are not released in large quantities during gas fluctuations, unit maintenance, malfunctions, and other conditions. Gas can be used to generate electricity with maximum efficiency.

　　3.2 如企業有供熱需求，應選擇可抽汽供熱的亞臨界或超臨界（中間再熱）常規煤氣機組，這樣有利于提高整個機組的綜合熱效率。

　　3.2 If the enterprise has a heating demand, it should choose subcritical or supercritical (intermediate reheating) conventional gas units that can extract steam for heating, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive thermal efficiency of the entire unit.

　　3.3 煤粉摻燒煤氣發電機組，從靈活性消耗煤氣資源角度，是比較理想的適應煤氣變化機組，如果企業已經有這樣的機組，可以通過技術改造，增加煤氣摻燒比例，提升煤氣調節效果。

　　3.3 Coal powder co fired gas power generation units are ideal for adapting to gas changes from the perspective of flexible consumption of gas resources. If the enterprise already has such units, it can increase the proportion of gas co fired through technological transformation to improve the gas regulation effect.

　　3.4 在新增煤氣發電機組的時候，必須進行經濟效益的測算，可以根據煤氣供應的變化趨勢，綜合考慮基建費用，發電機組檢修時間、費用，煤氣柜的布置情況等因素，以數個機組大修周期為計算時間，全面進行綜合比較，定量化分析后，才能達到最好的經濟性，布局出最佳的煤氣發電機組組合。

　　3.4 When adding a new gas generator unit, economic benefits must be calculated. Based on the trend of gas supply changes, factors such as infrastructure costs, generator unit maintenance time and costs, and gas cabinet layout can be comprehensively considered. Multiple unit overhaul cycles should be taken as the calculation time, and comprehensive comparisons and quantitative analysis should be conducted to achieve the best economy and layout of the best gas generator unit combination.

　　綜上，鋼鐵企業煤氣利用發電原則就是追求最優的經濟效益，在全面分析的基礎上做出適合企業自身條件的選擇策略。

　　In summary, the principle of utilizing gas for power generation in steel enterprises is to pursue optimal economic benefits and make selection strategies that are suitable for the enterprise's own conditions based on comprehensive analysis.

　　本文由  煤氣發電機組  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://m.jayseen.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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